Friday, 5 April 2019

AN ART CRITIQUE ENDEAVOR



To appreciate art, one needs to learn art critique; which is a sequential approach for looking at and talking about art. Gaurav Goswami explains all the processes that one needs to follow in order to understand art better.

It can be a lot of fun
Art criticism is not difficult; in fact it makes the study of art less mysterious and more logical. By art critique one means, the process of exercising a serious and objective examination on a work of art and making systematic judgement of it. This knowledge will give one confidence and courage to speak their mind. And as one starts to get proficient in the language of art, one will be able to delve deeper into the layers of meaning of each art piece.  

The right words
Every profession has its set of specific words that are exclusive to them; art also has its share of words. The line, tone, texture, movement and shape are just a few words in which art can be critiqued. However, the above mentioned words can be better described with the help of other words. The words used to describe line are: flowing, delicate, simple, bold, thick, and thin. When it comes to tone the words that better describe it are: subtle, contrasting, muted and dramatic. Texture is better described with words like: rough, fine, smooth, coarse, uneven. Words that describe movement are: swirling, flowing and dramatic. Art comes in various shapes, some words describing them are: organic, curvaceous, geometric, angular and elongated.

Building the ground work
When beginning a critique it is helpful to spend the first few minutes in silence contemplation of the piece i.e. simply absorb it visually. Look long enough to let the image sink into one’s consciousness, allowing the mind to sense which qualities attract and which distracts. A way to go about it is to purposely abstract the image in the mind. This is done by reducing any recognizable subject matter in shapes, lines, and filed of colour or tonal value; this is called the reduction process. After this initial inspection and before any critical determinations are made, it is often necessary to ask the artist some questions like, what they wanted the image to communicate to the viewer? Is the piece concerned only with the illusion it creates or it has a deeper meaning behind it?  Was the final product arrived at randomly, intuitively or through very deliberate choices? This question and answer session helps the critics to compare their first impressions with that of the artist. It is helpful to limit one’s thinking to the paradigm presented by the concerned piece of art. One’s arbitrary, random or impulsive assumptions are difficult to draw conclusions from; on the other hand, logical reasoning provides a structure which one can use to determine specific mystery behind the visual beauty. 

Evaluation criteria      
Art critique starts by reviewing the colour. The use of colour and the way how they are used, communicates messages and feelings to the critic. Tonal range refers to the contrast of value or the range from light to dark contained in the piece of art. For example, an artwork containing dark purple and pale yellow colour has a wide tonal range, while one containing only primary red or green colour has a narrow tonal range. The form of the piece of art gives the subject matter of a 2 D artwork the appearance of existing in 3 D space. Generally, the deeper an artist understands of the law of optical reality the more convincing the illusion. Having said that, it is helpful to know whether the artist intends these illusions to be accurate or they defy the optical laws of reality. The contents of an art work are composed in a certain arrangement, forming spatial relationships that lead the critic’s eyes around the piece or to a particular space within it. And the artist derives this effect by the composition of the piece of the art. Style in art refers to the intended distortion of optical reality in order to convey a particular meaning or express a particular feeling. When this is developed with a theory and implemented with skill, then stylization happens. Stylization adds layer of symbolism and also provide entertainment for the eyes. Cubism is a classic example of stylization. A painting consists of not only visual illusion, but a physical surface also. The characteristic of brush work and the physical qualities of the medium used contribute to the final look of the art work.      

Final thoughts
The best critiques are the result of an unfolding dialogue between the artist and the art critic. Art criticism not only has an important role in developing the work of artist, but also in helping viewer/critic to perceive and interpret works of art better. Finally a few pointers to remember while critiquing an art work: describe what one sees? Analyze how the work is organized?  Interpret what message does the art work communicate? And judge what does one think of the work?

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